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Just 3 digits (Posted on 2018-05-17) Difficulty: 4 of 5
A 10-digit number 2404563210 has an interesting feature: reading from left to right - any k-digit string is divisible by k.
No big deal ! IMHO there are 2492 numbers like that.

At least one of them utilizes only 3 distinct digits.

Find this number.

See The Solution Submitted by Ady TZIDON    
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re: interesting aside Comment 4 of 4 |
(In reply to interesting aside by Charlie)

According to the online reference, for lengths 20 through 25, the numbers of qualifying numbers continues downward: 44, 18, 12, 6, 3 and 1. 

The 44 for length 20 are:

 10805480103600001800 
 12005424904858560080 
 12360600901222567200 
 14440864504822563660 
 14480488803690081000 
 14485808700090082880 
 22200640209678085240 
 22560024608422560080 
 22885248606094567840 
 24045072304890087020 
 24085888200010566020 
 26160688807246564240 
 30680448304870560640 
 34200600302442087000 
 36085288503684007860 
 38160648900010566000 
 40285216807290082800 
 40525240503678082220 
 42960680103642085800 
 46240816501236007840 
 48000688208466084040 
 48325208404858569060 
 54045600301294560040 
 56480480100072009000 
 56725200004858561860 
 58565432706046569020 
 60645696309646565480 
 64885248901200004280 
 66325288502466081020 
 72645656402410567240 
 74125808108436004200 
 74440800907200000020 
 78925288508430084020 
 80480400308490088860 
 82285288206030082860 
 82525248003646560660 
 84000072607234561840 
 84045016803678089480 
 84680472602446567280 
 90685840509684000060 
 96360048906030082840 
 96600008703646560640 
 96600072602418082260 
 96685896604836004260 


The 18 for length 21 are:

 123606009012225672009 
 144408645048225636603 
 144858087000900828807 
 240858882000105660207 
 306804483048705606405 
 342006003024420870009 
 360852885036840078603 
 402852168072900828009 
 564804801000720090006 
 567252000048585618606 
 663252885024660810201 
 726456564024105672408 
 741258081084360042000 
 846804726024465672807 
 906858405096840000609 
 963600489060300828408 
 966000087036465606405 
 966858966048360042609 


The 12 for length 22 are:

 1236060090122256720090 
 1444086450482256366038 
 2408588820001056602074 
 3420060030244208700096 
 3608528850368400786036 
 4028521680729008280092 
 5672520000485856186064 
 7264565640241056724082 
 7412580810843600420006 
 8468047260244656728072 
 9068584050968400006092 
 9668589660483600426096 

The 6 for length 23 are:

 12360600901222567200901 
 14440864504822563660381 
 24085888200010566020746 
 36085288503684007860367 
 40285216807290082800921 
 72645656402410567240820

The 3 for length 24 are:

 144408645048225636603816 
 360852885036840078603672 
 402852168072900828009216 
 
 
The UBASIC program is as follows. The commented-out lines (with single quote or apostrophe (') starting the comment) were for counting unique digits. I didn't get as far as getting this feature to work; that's why the count of unique digits is not done. 
 
    4     kill "only3.txt"
    5     open "only3.txt" for output as #2
   10      dim Used(9)
   20     gosub *AddOn(1)
   30     close #2
   40     end
   50  
   60     *AddOn(Wh)
   70      local SaveN,St,Newd,R,UCt,S$
   80       SaveN=N
   90       if Wh=1 then St=1 else St=0
  100       for Newd=St to 9
  110         N=10*SaveN+Newd
  120         R=N@Wh
  130         if R=0 then
  140           :if Wh=23 then
  150             :'UCt=0 ':erase Used():dim Used(9)
  160             :'S$=cutspc(str(N))
  170             :'for I=1 to len(S)
  180               :'if Used(val(mid(S,I,1)))=0 then UCt=UCt+1:endif
  190               :'Used(val(mid(S,I,1)))=1
  200             :'next
  210               :print N:print #2, N
  220           :else
  230             :gosub *AddOn(Wh+1)
  240           :endif
  250       next
  260       N=SaveN
  270     return 

  Posted by Charlie on 2018-05-18 13:58:44
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