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Inheritance Envelopes (Posted on 2004-12-24) Difficulty: 3 of 5
A wealthy man had three sons all of whom were quite good at math and logic. To get a share of his inheritance each had to correctly determine a positive integer which he had chosen. He told them that the number had four different non-zero decimal digits, in ascending order.

He prepared three sealed envelopes each of which contained a number. The first contained the product of the four digits, the second contained the sum of the squares of the four digits, the third contained the sum of the product of the first two digits and the product of the last two digits, and the envelopes were clearly marked as such. He showed the three envelopes to the three sons and had them each take one at random. Each one saw the number inside his envelope but didn't see the number inside the other two envelopes.

The sons were stationed at three different computers so that they couldn't communicate with one another (but were linked to the father's computer). After one hour they could submit a number or decline. Anyone who submitted a wrong answer would be eliminated and get nothing. If one or more submitted the correct answer they would each receive a share of the inheritance, and the contest would end with the others getting nothing. If no one submitted the correct answer they would be instructed to work on the problem for another hour. The process would repeat as often as necessary. Each of the sons decided not to submit an answer unless they sure it was correct.

At the end of the first hour no one had submitted an answer. At the end of the second hour no one had submitted an answer. At the end of the third hour no one had submitted an answer. At the end of the fourth hour all three of them submitted the correct answer!

Can you determine the number?

  Submitted by Jim    
Rating: 3.5000 (4 votes)
Solution: (Hide)
The unique solution is 3479. This can be found by making a list of the 126 different four-digit numbers satisfying the criteria, calculating the three specified functions for each of them, and marking any unique values for each function. Those numbers with a unique value in a function indicate an immediate decision for the corresponding son, which does not occur, and so can be eliminated. This produces a shorter list for the next hour, and the process is repeated. After four hours the final list contains exactly one number which has marked values for all three functions, indicating that all 3 sons can determine the number as stated in the problem.

Comments: ( You must be logged in to post comments.)
  Subject Author Date
answerK Sengupta2008-02-08 05:53:19
SolutionVB program solutionPenny2004-12-27 03:54:31
Solutionre: computer solution--listing improvementCharlie2004-12-26 21:02:25
Solutioncomputer solutionCharlie2004-12-25 01:18:08
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