A certain number ends with the digit
2. Moving the
2 from the end of the number to its front doubles it. Can you find this number?
(Hint: it's quite large)
Rather than long division, it is possible to solve by filling in a multiplication problem.
We know that the first digit must be a 1, since it is half of a number starting with 2. So, a multiplication problem, with ... representing the missing digits in the product and in the multiplicand, would be:
1...2
* 2
21...
Therefore, the last digit in the product must be a 4 (from 2*2):
1...42
* 2
4
21...4
The next to last digit is an 8 (4*2):
1...842
* 2
4
8
21...84
And then a 6 (from 8*2=16):
1...6842
* 2
4
8
16
21...684
Continuing thus:
1...36842
* 2
4
8
16
12
21...3684
1...736842
* 2
4
8
16
12
6
21...73684
1...4736842
* 2
4
8
16
12
6
14
21...4736842
1...94736842
* 2
4
8
16
12
6
14
8
21...9473684
1...894736842
* 2
4
8
16
12
6
14
8
18
21...89473684
1...7894736842
* 2
4
8
16
12
6
14
8
18
16
21...789473684
1...57894736842
* 2
4
8
16
12
6
14
8
18
16
14
21...5789473684
The next digit we find will be a 1 (the zero from 5*2=10 plus the carried 1), which is what we are looking for. However, there is another 1 carried over from this, so that will not do. We will keep going until we find a 1 with no carry over.
1...157894736842
* 2
4
8
16
12
6
14
8
18
16
14
10
21...15789473684
1...3157894736842
* 2
4
8
16
12
6
14
8
18
16
14
10
2
21...315789473684
1...63157894736842
* 2
4
8
16
12
6
14
8
18
16
14
10
2
6
21...6315789473684
1...263157894736842
* 2
4
8
16
12
6
14
8
18
16
14
10
2
6
12
21...26315789473684
1...5263157894736842
* 2
4
8
16
12
6
14
8
18
16
14
10
2
6
12
4
21...526315789473684
1...05263157894736842
* 2
4
8
16
12
6
14
8
18
16
14
10
2
6
12
4
10
21...0526315789473684
The next digit in the number will be a 1 (from 0*1=0 added to the carried 1). Since there is no carry over from the doubled zero, we can end here. The final multiplication is:
105263157894736842
* 2
4
8
16
12
6
14
8
18
16
14
10
2
6
12
4
10
2
210526315789473684
|
Posted by DJ
on 2003-06-25 16:07:43 |