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Bob's Hat (Posted on 2002-06-13) Difficulty: 4 of 5
Three friends, Alan, Bob and Cecil, sit down at a park bench. Each of them is a Knight or Liar and each knows what the other two are.

Forgetful Bob, well known for his flamboyant hats that are either red, white or blue, asks Alan: "What colour hat am I wearing today?"

Alan replies: "There is a chance Cecil would tell you it's blue. If you saw it, there is a chance you would say it is white."

Bob sighs, "I should have asked Cecil - he always tells me the truth..."

What colour hat is Bob wearing?

  Submitted by Nick Reed    
Rating: 3.6667 (15 votes)
Solution: (Hide)
Let's take the statements one at a time:

1) A says "There is a chance C would tell you it's blue"

A would only say this if:

  • - A is a Knight, C is a Knight, Hat is Blue
  • - A is a Knight, C is a Liar, Hat is not Blue
  • - A is a Liar, C is a Knight, Hat is not Blue
  • - A is a Liar, C is a Liar, Hat is Blue

    2) A says to B "If you saw it, there is a chance you would say it is white"

    A would only say this if:

  • - A is a Knight, B is a Knight, Hat is White
  • - A is a Knight, B is a Liar, Hat is not White
  • - A is a Liar, B is a Knight, Hat is not White
  • - A is a Liar, B is a Liar, Hat is White

    Combining these with the options from point 1 results in:

  • - A is a Knight, B is a Knight, C is a Liar, Hat is White
  • - A is a Knight, B is a Liar, C is a Knight, Hat is Blue
  • - A is a Knight, B is a Liar, C is a Liar, Hat is Red (not Blue or White)
  • - A is a Liar, B is a Knight, C is a Knight, Hat is Red (not Blue or White)
  • - A is a Liar, B is a Knight, C is a Liar, Hat is Blue
  • - A is a Liar, B is a Liar, C is a Knight, Hat is White

    3) B says "C always tells me the truth"

    B would only say this if:

  • - B and C are both Knights
  • - B and C are both Liars

    Combining these with the options from point 2 results in:

  • - A is a Knight, B is a Liar, C is a Liar, Hat is Red
  • - A is a Liar, B is a Knight, C is a Knight, Hat is Red

    So, although we don't know who is who, we know the hat is Red.

  • Comments: ( You must be logged in to post comments.)
      Subject Author Date
    Some ThoughtsPuzzle ThoughtsK Sengupta2023-03-19 08:37:56
    SolutionBob's hatMath Man2013-05-01 14:03:11
    answerK Sengupta2008-02-14 14:53:56
    AnswerPraneeth2007-08-29 03:02:42
    SolutionlolGoldwing2005-10-18 15:45:34
    Solutionthere's a chance that this solution is righttanx2005-10-18 14:02:51
    No SubjectTerence2005-10-13 15:27:03
    Some ThoughtsNo SubjectRex2005-02-15 14:21:47
    gotta be...nate2004-12-04 21:44:27
    Answerbrian2003-03-18 00:48:45
    A late answerHazirah2002-08-03 23:59:28
    SolutionAnswerHappy2002-06-13 13:11:08
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