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Modular Polynomial Arithmetic (Posted on 2008-04-16) |
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Devise an algorithm which, for any polynomial P(x), will determine the polynomial remainder of P(x)/(x^2+x+1) without actually performing the division.
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Submitted by Brian Smith
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Rating: 4.0000 (3 votes)
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Solution:
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(Hide)
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x^2+x+1 is a factor of x^3-1. Let P(x) be a*x^n + b*x^(n-1) + c*x^(n-2) + d*x^(n-3) + q(x).
Subtracting a*(x^3-1) from P(x) leaves P2(x) = b*x^(n-1) + c*x^(n-2) + (a+d)*x^(n-3) + q(x).
Applying the subtraction repeatedly leaves a second degree polynomial R(x). The x^2 coefficient of R(x) is the sum of all the coefficients of x^2, x^5, . . . , x^(3k+2). Similarily the x coefficient of R(x) is the sum of all the coefficients of x, x^4, . . . , x^(3k+1). And the constant term of R(x) is the sum of the original constant term and all the coefficients of x^3, x^6, . . . , x^(3k).
If the second degree polynomial is r*x^2 + s*x + t, then the remainder is (s-r)*x + (t-r).
For example: P(x)=23x^10 - 8x^9 + 8x^8 + 7x^7 + 12x^6 - 6x^5 - 40x^4 + x^3 + x + 9
R(x) = (8-6+0)X^2 + (23+7-40+1)X + (-8+12+1+9) = 2x^2 + -9x + 14
remainder of P(x)/(x^2+x+1) = -11x + 12 |
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