In both the situations there are no missing numbers, except one, i.e., 10958 in the increasing case.
Examples:
591=123*4+5*6+78-9
7936=123+4^5+6789
6439 = 9 * (8 + 7 + 6) + 5^4 * (3^2 + 1)
Please try to express the missing number obeying the specified rules.
Summarize your results.
Taneja’s paper is here - https://arxiv.org/abs/1302.1479