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Cubic Arithmetic Conclusion (Posted on 2021-11-16) Difficulty: 2 of 5
Determine (with proof) nonzero integer value(s) of Q such that the equation x3-15x2+Q =0 has three distinct real roots forming an arithmetic sequence.

See The Solution Submitted by K Sengupta    
Rating: 5.0000 (1 votes)

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Solution Solution | Comment 1 of 4
From looking at the coefficients of the cubic:
the sum of the roots equals 15;
the sum of the pairwise products of the roots equals 0;
and the product of the roots equals -Q.

Since the roots are in arithmetic progression, the roots can be expressed as a-d, a, a+d.

Then a-d + a + a+d = 15 
and (a-d)*a + (a-d)*(a+d) + a*(a+d) = 0
and (a-d)*a*(a+d) = -Q

From the first equation we get a=5.  
Then substituting this into the second equation yields (5-d)*5 + (5-d)*(5+d) + 5*(5+d) = 0
Simplifying gives 75 - d^2 = 0, or d^2=75.

The third equation simplifies into a*(d^2-a^2) = Q.
Then substituting a=5 and d^2=75 yields 5*(75-5^2) = 250 = Q.

  Posted by Brian Smith on 2021-11-16 12:09:59
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